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Their bread in his oven, and press their grapes in his wine press. Lord might still require all those on his manor to grind their grain at his mill, bake Land outright, while others disposed of their holdings and settled in town. Without consulting the lord, and could go and come as he pleased. Longer bound to a particular manor he could buy or sell his land at will, could marry Survivals of manorial system in France in the eighteenthĮven in France there were still many aggravating traces of the old system. Still bound to the soil in the eighteenth century. Russia, Italy, and Spain, on the contrary, the great mass of the country people were In France the old type of serf had largely disappeared by theįourteenth century, and in England a hundred years later. It is true that the gradual extinction of serfdom in western Europe appears to haveīegun as early as the twelfth century, but it proceeded at very different rates inĭifferent countries. Under which, seven centuries earlier, he had extracted a scanty living from the soil. Of the eighteenth century, he would have found much to remind him of the conditions If a peasant who had lived on a manor in the time of theĬrusades had been permitted to return to earth and travel about Europe at the opening Page: 2 Switch to Image Mode CLOSE L IFE IN THE C OUNTRY- S ERFDOM It is the purpose of this volume, after describing the conditions in Europeīefore the French Revolution, to show as clearly as possible the changes which have The greatest revolution in industry, government, and science that the world has ever Of electricity which he knew only in the form of lightning playing among the stormĬlouds,- all these marvels would combine to convince him that he died on the eve of Skilled workmen and most astonishing of all, the mysterious and manifold applications Machinery, working with a precision and rapidity far surpassing those of an army of

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Schools, the popular elections, and his deserted palaces the vast factories full of Innumerable newspapers and the beautifully illustrated periodicals, the government Great towns with well-lighted, smoothly paved, and carefully drained streets the Politics and industry would seem to him! The railroads, the steel steamships, the Took place in all the preceding centuries.Ĭould Louis XIV now see the France he once ruled, how startling the revolution in In many ways, however, it has seen far more astonishing changes than those which The long period of more than five thousand years which lies between Menes I- theįirst ruler whose name we know- and Louis XIV of France, this seems a very short This volume deals with the last two hundred years of European history. Page: 1 Switch to Image Mode CLOSE OUTLINES OF EUROPEAN HISTORY CHAPTER I THE OLD RÉGIME IN EUROPE Page: ix Switch to Image Mode CLOSE Page ix The Industrial Revolution, with a Preface by F.Beard edited and compiled many works on history and government and was the He spent this period mainly in research and writing in his field. In later years the Beards resided at New Milford, Conn. In that year heīecame adviser to the Institute of Municipal Research at Tokyo, and after theĮarthquake of 1923 he became adviser to Count Geto, In 1917 he became director of the Training School for Public Service, New Worker in the field of American social and political history and joint-author ofįrom 1910 to 1917Charles Austin Beard was a member of the Columbia University faculty. Mary Ritterīeard became not only the mother of his two children but also his fellow

Had been graduated from De Pauw one year before him. from Columbia in 1903, andġ900, he married Mary Ritter of Indianapolis, who He studied at Oxford andĬornell and received his A.M. He was educated in the local schools and graduated from De Pauw THE EXPANSION OF EUROPE IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURYĬharles Austin Beard, distinguished American historian, son of William THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY THE BRITISH EMPIRE IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY REVOLUTION OF 1848,- AUSTRIA, GERMANY, ITALYįORMATION OF THE GERMAN EMPIRE AND THE AUSTRO-HUNGARIAN THE RECONSTRUCTION OF EUROPE AT THE CONGRESS OF VIENNA THE STRUGGLE BETWEEN FRANCE AND ENGLAND IN INDIA AND NORTH RUSSIA AND PRUSSIA BECOME EUROPEAN POWERS